23 \u015eubat 1944, tarihin kaydetti\u011fi en b\u00fcy\u00fck soyk\u0131r\u0131mlardan biridir. Ne yaz\u0131k ki d\u00fcnya, soyk\u0131r\u0131m denince sadece Yahudilere kar\u015f\u0131 Almanlar taraf\u0131ndan uygulanan vah\u015feti anl\u0131yor. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sona ermesinden sonra, Sovyet diktat\u00f6r\u00fc Stalin, mevcut konjonkt\u00fcr\u00fc f\u0131rsat bilip, kendi i\u00e7 b\u00fcnyesinde etnik temizli\u011fe giri\u015fmi\u015ftir.
\n<\/p>\n
Stalin\u2019in Sovyetler Birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halklara kar\u015f\u0131 uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn, ger\u00e7ek anlamda bir soyk\u0131r\u0131ma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. K\u0131r\u0131ml\u0131lar, Ah\u0131skal\u0131lar, Kara\u00e7ay-Balkar T\u00fcrkleri ve \u00c7e\u00e7en \u2013 \u0130ngu\u015f halklar\u0131 topluca tek bir ki\u015fi kalmamacas\u0131na yurtlar\u0131ndan s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da okuyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z yaz\u0131 Kurucusu ve Fahri Ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu\u011fum Kafkas Vakf\u0131\u2019n\u0131n resmi sitesi olan kafkas.org tr. \u2018de yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fumuz bir yaz\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7e\u00e7en-\u0130ngu\u015f halk\u0131n\u0131n 1944 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flay\u0131p, 1957 y\u0131l\u0131nda sona eren dram\u0131n\u0131 ibretle okuyun. <\/p>\n
Kafkasya’da geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 Stalin’in soyk\u0131r\u0131m harek\u00e2t\u0131 23 \u015eubat 1944’de ba\u015flad\u0131. 700 bin \u00c7e\u00e7en ile 90 bin \u0130ngu\u015f Orta Asya ve Sibirya’ya s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Yaln\u0131zca 2 bin ki\u015fi da\u011flara ka\u00e7abildi. Kuzey Osetya’da ya\u015fayan \u00c7e\u00e7enler de s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcler. Soyk\u0131r\u0131ma y\u00f6nelik s\u00fcrg\u00fcn operasyonu yaln\u0131zca \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn s\u00fcrd\u00fc ve “\u0130\u00e7 \u0130\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Halk Komiserli\u011fi” taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. Bunun ba\u015f\u0131nda Politb\u00fcro ve Devlet Savunma Komitesi \u00fcyesi Lavrentiyev Beriya bulunuyordu. <\/p>\n
T\u00fcm bu soyk\u0131r\u0131ma y\u00f6nelik s\u00fcrg\u00fcn operasyonu gizlilik i\u00e7inde yap\u0131ld\u0131. Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildikten ancak iki y\u0131l sonra, 26 Haziran 1946’da “\u0130zvestiya” bu olay\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir haber olarak verdi. RSFSC \u00dcst Konsey Prezidyumu, Prezidyum Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130. VIasov ve sekreter P. Bahmorov’un imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir bildiriyle K\u0131r\u0131m Tatarlar\u0131 ve \u00c7e\u00e7enlerin SSCB’nin de\u011fi\u015fik yerlerine s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirtiyor, bu arada \u00c7e\u00e7en-\u0130ngu\u015f \u00d6SSC’nin (\u00d6zerk Sovyet Sosyalisy Cumhuriyet. ) 7 Mart 1944’de resmen la\u011fvedildi\u011fini g\u00f6rmezden geliyor, ayr\u0131ca s\u00fcr\u00fclen \u0130ngu\u015flardan s\u00f6z etmiyordu.<\/p>\n
Almanlara destek iddias\u0131 <\/p>\n
\u0130leri s\u00fcr\u00fclen nedenler aras\u0131nda, bu halklar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n Almanlarla i\u015fbirli\u011fi yaparak ihanet ettikleri de yer al\u0131yordu. Bu gerek\u00e7eler ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131yd\u0131; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc B\u00fcy\u00fck Sovyet Ansiklopedisi, \u00c7e\u00e7en ve \u0130ngu\u015flar\u0131n Almanlarla sava\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 (1941-1945) ve ordu i\u00e7in yiyecek yard\u0131m\u0131nda bulunduklar\u0131n\u0131, petrol sanayinin ise cepheye destek i\u00e7in aral\u0131ks\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca ilgin\u00e7 olan, \u00c7e\u00e7en-\u0130ngu\u015f topraklar\u0131 Alman i\u015fgaline de girmemi\u015fti. \u00c7e\u00e7enlerin bu Almanlarla nas\u0131l i\u015fbirli\u011fine girip, ihanet etti\u011fini de kimse sorgulayamad\u0131. <\/p>\n
Soyk\u0131r\u0131ma y\u00f6nelik s\u00fcrg\u00fcn hareketi yaln\u0131zca \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, kimsenin beklemedi\u011fi anda, psikolojik fel\u00e7lere neden olabilecek derecede ani olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. \u0130nsanlar 23 \u015eubat 1944’de, K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu g\u00fcn\u00fcnde tutuklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7ocuklar ve kad\u0131nlar evlerinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve Almanya’ya kar\u015f\u0131 harek\u00e2tlar i\u00e7in ABD taraf\u0131ndan verilen kamyonlarla sevk edilmi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n
Her aileye 20 kg. bagaj i\u00e7in izin verilmi\u015fti. T\u00fcm varl\u0131klar\u0131, evleri, topraklar\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f hayvanlar\u0131na Rusya (RSFSC) taraf\u0131ndan el konulmu\u015ftu. Kamyonlar onlar\u0131 hemen ve do\u011frudan do\u011fruya s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckleri yerlere ula\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. S\u00fcrg\u00fcn s\u0131ras\u0131nda insanlar\u0131n \\% 20’si hava ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015flerdi. \u0130\u00e7 \u0130\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 memurlar\u0131 B. Kobulov ve \u0130. Serov s\u00fcr\u00fclenlerin yeni yerle\u015fim yerlerindeki bak\u0131mlar\u0131ndan sorumluydular. S\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcn ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131, a\u011f\u0131r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve salg\u0131nlar sonucunda pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fc. \u00c7e\u00e7en ve \u0130ngu\u015f halklar\u0131n\u0131n n\u00fcfus kay\u0131plar\u0131 \\% 38 olarak hesaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fiziksel soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, ulusal e\u011fitim ve entelekt\u00fcel ya\u015famdaki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckler nedeniyle k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir soyk\u0131r\u0131m da meydana gelmi\u015fti. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda polis devleti y\u00f6ntemleri de uygulan\u0131yordu. S\u00fcrg\u00fcn yerlerinde her on eve bir g\u00f6zlemci veriliyordu. Her ay ki\u015filerin kendilerini kaydettirmeleri zorunlulu\u011fu konmu\u015ftu. Bu daha sonra her y\u0131l yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok \u015fey i\u00e7in polisten izin almak gerekiyordu. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca \u00fc\u00e7 kilometre uzakla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verilmi\u015fti. Daha uzak mesafelere yap\u0131lacak seyahatler i\u00e7in herkesin belge sahibi olmas\u0131 gerekiyordu. Bunlar s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcn yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 psikolojik soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren \u015feylerdi. 26 Kas\u0131m 1948’de SSCB bir bildiri yay\u0131nlayarak, s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin yurtlar\u0131na geri d\u00f6nme haklar\u0131ndan mahrum olarak, s\u00fcresiz s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde kalacaklar\u0131n\u0131 bildiriyordu. <\/p>\n
Ger\u00e7ekte insanlar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcmlerine neden olan \u015fey, hayvan vagonlar\u0131nda birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn su ve yiyecek verilmeden yap\u0131lan ula\u015f\u0131md\u0131. Bu “soyk\u0131r\u0131m yolu” 200 bin ki\u015finin ya\u015fam\u0131na mal olmu\u015ftur.
\nKara\u00e7aylar, Balkarlar, Kalmuklar da Rus olmayan uluslar\u0131n topraklar\u0131n\u0131n ele ge\u00e7irilmesi ve kimliklerinin yok edilmesi plan\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcler.<\/p>\n
Kafkasya’n\u0131n Rusla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 <\/p>\n
Rusya’n\u0131n soyk\u0131r\u0131ma y\u00f6nelik s\u00fcrg\u00fcn plan\u0131, Kuzey Kafkasya’da genel kontrol\u00fcn g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan stratejik bir anlama sahiptir. Zira g\u00fcneyden gelecek bir sald\u0131r\u0131da buralar tampon b\u00f6lgeydi. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Kuzey Kafkasya halklar\u0131 Slav olmad\u0131klar\u0131 gibi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Rusya kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 ve antikom\u00fcnisttiler. Bu stratejik nedenden dolay\u0131 n\u00fcfus soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 yaln\u0131zca s\u00fcrg\u00fcn olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131km\u0131yor ayn\u0131 zamanda s\u00fcr\u00fclen halklar\u0131n yurtlar\u0131 Rusla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu. <\/p>\n
Rusla\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n gizlenmesi amac\u0131yla di\u011fer baz\u0131 uluslar, s\u00fcr\u00fclen uluslar\u0131n \u00fclkelerine yerle\u015ftirildi. \u00c7e\u00e7en-\u0130ngu\u015f \u00fclkesine yaln\u0131zca Ruslar de\u011fil, Kuzey Osetinler, Avarlar, Darginler ve Ukraynal\u0131lar da getirildi. <\/p>\n
Demografik yap\u0131ya yap\u0131lan bu m\u00fcdahale Kafkasya’n\u0131n yerel halkalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma zemini de haz\u0131rl\u0131yordu. <\/p>\n
Mesela kenar b\u00f6lgeler Kuzey Osetya’ya kat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu, gelecekte ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yeniden kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 yolunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek ulusal e\u011filimlerin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131rmak i\u00e7in b\u00f6lgesel sorunlar\u0131 tahrik amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f sanc\u0131s\u0131 <\/p>\n
1953’den sonra Kru\u015f\u00e7ev, Stalin kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 bir siyaset y\u00fcr\u00fctmek zorunda kald\u0131. Yap\u0131lan soyk\u0131r\u0131m Kom\u00fcnist Partisini, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da Rus imparatorlu\u011funu zora sokmu\u015ftu. Muhalefetin bask\u0131lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Kru\u015f\u00e7ev’in kendisini bu d\u00f6nemden ayr\u0131 tutma \u00e7abas\u0131, \u00c7e\u00e7en ve \u0130ngu\u015f halklar\u0131n\u0131n yurtlar\u0131na geri d\u00f6nebilmeleri yolunu a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\n\u00d6ncelikle a\u015famal\u0131 olarak s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn “kay\u0131tlardan” kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131na olanak veren talimatlarla i\u015fe ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\n1955 Haziran\u0131nda kendi dillerinde k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve e\u011fitim faaliyetleri g\u00f6sterebilmelerine izin verilmi\u015fti. Onlar ise \u015feref ve itibarlar\u0131yla birlikte topraklar\u0131n\u0131n da iadesini, \u00f6zerk cumhuriyetlerinin yeniden kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 talep ediyorlard\u0131. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 bin ki\u015fi, \u00c7e\u00e7en-\u0130ngu\u015fetya’ya y\u00f6netimin izni olmaks\u0131z\u0131n d\u00f6nd\u00fcler. <\/p>\n
Daha sonralar\u0131,1956 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Kom\u00fcnist Partisi’nin XX.Kongresi’nde Kru\u015f\u00e7ev, Kara\u00e7aylar, Balkarlar ve Kalm\u0131klar\u0131n zulme u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 itiraf ediyordu. Hatta o zaman, sava\u015f SSCB lehine sonu\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin gereksiz oldu\u011funu da belirtiyordu. Stalin taraf\u0131ndan bu halklara y\u00f6neltilen su\u00e7lamalar\u0131n ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcn politikas\u0131n\u0131n yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu da vurguluyordu.<\/p>\n
Kom\u00fcnist Partisi Merkez Komitesi, 24 Kas\u0131m 1956’da \u00c7e\u00e7enlerin ve \u0130ngu\u015flar\u0131n ulusal \u00f6zerkliklerinin yeniden verilmesi karar\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/p>\n
9 Ocak 1957’de ise \u00dcst Konsey, \u00c7e\u00e7en-\u0130ngu\u015fetya’n\u0131n RSFSC b\u00fcnyesinde \u00d6SSC olarak yeniden kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 karara ba\u011flad\u0131. S\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgeler \u00c7e\u00e7en-\u0130ngu\u015fetya’ya geri verilmedi, ama buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6lge; Kargalin, Naur ve \u015eelkov bu \u00fclkeye ba\u011fland\u0131. Geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn d\u00f6rt y\u0131l i\u00e7inde bitirilmesi gerekiyordu ve M. G. Gayrbekov bunun ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesiyle g\u00f6revlendirildi. 1944’den 1956’ya kadar on iki y\u0131l s\u00fcren Rusla\u015ft\u0131rma giri\u015fimleri bir dizi sorun yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: Ba\u015fkent Grozni’nin n\u00fcfusu 540 bin idi ve 500 bin ki\u015finin de s\u00fcrg\u00fcnden d\u00f6nerek burada ya\u015famas\u0131 gerekiyordu. B\u00f6ylelikle konut s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 Rus as\u0131ll\u0131larla \u00c7e\u00e7en ve \u0130ngu\u015flar aras\u0131nda gerginlik yarat\u0131yordu. 1958’de silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015flad\u0131 ve bir\u00e7ok ki\u015finin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. <\/p>\n
\u00c7e\u00e7enler yurtlar\u0131na d\u00f6nd\u00fcklerinde evlerini ve topraklar\u0131n\u0131 Ruslar\u0131n i\u015fgalinde buldular. Kazma ve k\u00fcreklerle Ruslar\u0131 evlerinden kovarak topraklar\u0131na yeniden sahip \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Sovyetlerin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131na kavu\u015fmak isteyen \u00c7e\u00e7enler, yine a\u011f\u0131r bedeller \u00f6dediler. Halen de \u00f6demeye devam ediyorlar\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
23 \u015eubat 1944, tarihin kaydetti\u011fi en b\u00fcy\u00fck soyk\u0131r\u0131mlardan biridir. Ne yaz\u0131k ki d\u00fcnya, soyk\u0131r\u0131m denince sadece Yahudilere kar\u015f\u0131 Almanlar taraf\u0131ndan uygulanan vah\u015feti anl\u0131yor. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sona ermesinden sonra, Sovyet diktat\u00f6r\u00fc Stalin, mevcut konjonkt\u00fcr\u00fc f\u0131rsat bilip, kendi i\u00e7 b\u00fcnyesinde etnik temizli\u011fe giri\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehdinuzhetcetinbas.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/341"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehdinuzhetcetinbas.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehdinuzhetcetinbas.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehdinuzhetcetinbas.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehdinuzhetcetinbas.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=341"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mehdinuzhetcetinbas.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/341\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":342,"href":"https:\/\/mehdinuzhetcetinbas.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/341\/revisions\/342"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehdinuzhetcetinbas.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=341"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehdinuzhetcetinbas.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=341"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehdinuzhetcetinbas.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=341"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}